This is a hands-on homework, and The main goal of this homework is to become faimilar with the cloud computing by using Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) platform.

The exercise involves a series of steps. Please follow the instructions carefully to execute these steps. Each step provides familiarity with a certain functionality provided by EC2.

You can do this homework in two ways: blindly type the commands we have listed below and trivially complete all the steps of the homework, or use this homework to dig deeper into various features of EC2 and become familiar with cloud computing. The latter will be more beneficial to you in the long run.

You will need security credentials (certificates and keys) to carry out the assignment.

Please turn in a short (1-2 page) report with your observations and output from some of the key steps in this assignment. You will also required to provide an estimate (approximate estimates are OK) on how much your EC2 operations will cost the instructor. Use Amazon's pricing policy and monitoring data to compute your estimates.

In your report, you should clearly mention which EC2 api commands you tried, and All the AMI and instance IDs that you created.

Please remember that Amazon bills for actual cloud usage -- in your case, you will use a free student account with a certain usage limit, so be very careful with the resources you use, and if you are unclear on any aspect, ask us for clarifications.

afety restrictions to student accounts and this warning is no longer applicable.

We may add further explanations on some of these steps to clarify - we will notify the class by piazza if we do so.

Step 0: Obtain EC2 credentials

• If you have an Amazon EC2 account already, you can skip this step and go to the next step. Register for an AWS starter account at https://aws.amazon.com/education/awseducate/.
• The account activation email contains link the qwiklabs page. Click on the "AWS Account" tab. For your reference, the qwiklabs link is https://www.awseducate.com/student/ .
• Start "Lab 1". We will not be actually doing the lab, but this step is necessary to get AWS credentials. Doing this generates the access and secret keys in the bottom right part of the window. Copy these to in your bash ~/.bashrc (see Step 1 below).
• Click on "Open Console" on left. This will open the full AWS service GUI in another window.
• Goto top-left services tab -> EC2 .
• On the top-right corner, note and select the geographical region. "N. Virginia" is US-east-1, and is the default region for command-line API tools. If the region is something else (like Oregon), please ensure that either you select N.Virgina OR specify the appropriate region (like US-west-1) in all your ec2 API calls.
• Then goto "Key Pairs" in network & security.
• Click on key-pairs in the EC2 part of the console. A qwik labs ssh keypair is already created for you. You will need to create (say, 677kp) and download another keypair. This is your RSA private key that will enable you to ssh into your ec2 instances.

Step 1: Install EC2 tools

• Download and extract the ec2-tools EC2 tools More information and other ways to get the API tools can be found at https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/installing.html
• It is convenient to define some environment variables. EC2_HOME represents where your ec2-api-tools are located. We will also use this location for storing your keys (obtained in step 0). Remember to source ~/.bashrc for these exports to take effect.

  export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java
  export EC2_HOME=Location of ec2-api-tools
  export AWS_ACCESS_KEY=your-aws-access-key-id  # Copied from qwiklabs tab
  export AWS_SECRET_KEY=your-aws-secret-key     # Copied from qwiklabs tab
  export PATH=$PATH:$EC2_HOME/bin
    

• 1. Test your environment by running ec2-describe-regions command

         $ ec2-describe-regions
         REGION  eu-west-1       ec2.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com
         REGION  us-east-1       ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
         REGION  ap-northeast-1  ec2.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com
         REGION  us-west-1       ec2.us-west-1.amazonaws.com
         REGION  ap-southeast-1  ec2.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com
     

Step 2: Create an Instance and record its approximate starting time

One can create an EC2 instance by specifying an ami-id. But before you create an instance you need to know what kind of ami to use. This is how you would do it

• Amazon provides default Linux machine images. Depending on the region, pick the appropriate linux or ubuntu AMI from https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/. Please select "HVM" AMIs only. For example, use ami-22ce4934 for US-east-1 region, and ami-9e247efe for US-west-1. The next step is to choose an instance type, for which we pick the t2.micro type.
Please do not create bigger instances as every time an instance is created the account is charged (even if it is immediately terminated)
• You can create an instance of this AMI as follows: In this example the key (-k 677pk).

  ec2-run-instances ami-22ce4934  -t t2.micro -k 677kp
  

• This will return the instance id, something like i-487587d5. The instance id is the identifier for your instance, and will be required for most of the EC2 commands. After a few seconds, the instance should have started, so check the status of this instance.

    ec2-describe-instances i-487587d5.

  This gives various details about the instance type, who is running it, and the address where you can access the instance, something like ec2-54-197-107-158.compute-1.amazonaws.com .
• Record the approximate time it took to create the instance (seconds? minutes?)

Step 3: ssh into the Newly created instance

• ssh into the instance using your private key pair and the domain name of your instance
• Make sure the 677kp.pem has the right file permissions

  chmod 400 677kp.pem

   ssh -i /path/to/677kp.pem ec2-user@ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-1.amazonaws.com
    

• Its possible this may fail/time-out. If that is the case, go to the EC2 console, and go to the "Security Groups" tab on the left. Select the default security group, and under Actions, select "edit inbound rules". Now in the "Source" column, select "Anywhere". This will allow your instance to be reachable by SSH.

Step 4: Install an application

You can install software on ec2 instances just like on any other linux machine:

yum install -y perl emacs 

Step 5: Create a new Image from running instance -- record the time of each operation

Now we can take our customized server and create a new machine image using its disk state. This will allow us to create a new future instance with these customized applications preinstalled.
• Use the ec2-create-image command, and give it the instance-id and a name for your new image. The name should be something like 677img_groupId.

  ec2-create-image i-487587d5 -n 677_test_image

  If successful, this returns a new AMI, note down this ami-id.
• check if the AMI has gotten registered ...

  $ ec2-describe-images | grep your-new-ami-id 

  Step 6: Create an instance of this new image and terminate all your instances -- record time of each operation

• You can now terminate your old instance, since we already have created a machine image with your new changes.

   ec2-terminate-instances instance-id 

  You can approximate the time it takes to terminate by looking at the ec2-describe-instances output and see the status of your instance (running/ shutting-down/ stopped/ terminated, etc)
• Now you can start another instance from your customized AMI!

  $ ec2-run-instances new-ami-id -k 677kp -t t2.micro
  

• Note that the instance id of this newly created instance is different. Note the new instance id, because the next step is to terminate this new instance as well. Terminate the instance using the ec2-terminate-instances new-instance-id command as before.

Step 7: Compute the cost of this entire operation

Use Amazon's pricing policy to compute the cost of all operations you performed in this assignment---take into account the time for which your EC2 instances ran, cost of network I/O, cost of S3 operations etc.

Step 8: Cleaning Up..

Be sure to terminate only your instances; NOTE that Amazon gives each student a certain amount of credits and if you do not terminate your cloud servers, they will continue to incur usage changes and use up your entire usage limit.
• The last step is to deregister your newly created AMI by

   ec2-deregister ami-id-here 

• Deregistering an AMI does not actually delete it. You need to delete the snapshot associated with the AMI. First find the snapshot by

   ec2-describe-snapshots | grep ami-id-here
  
      SNAPSHOT        snap-beba4fd9   vol-9ccd304d    completed       2016-04-10T19:03:51+0000        100%    101840822718    8       Created by CreateImage(i-487587d5) for ami-9eddcdf4 from vol-9ccd304d 
  
    

• We are finally ready to delete this snapshot. Note the snapshot ID from the previous command and then:

      ec2-delete-snapshot snap-beba4fd
    

---